How Does The Author Of 'Invisible Man' Use Symbolism To Convey The Protagonist's Struggles?

The author of 'Invisible Man' uses symbolism masterfully to reflect the protagonist’s internal and external struggles, and it’s something that really struck me as I read. The most obvious symbol is invisibility itself. It’s not just about being unseen physically; it’s about being ignored, overlooked, and erased by society. The protagonist’s invisibility represents how systemic racism and societal expectations strip him of his identity. He’s not invisible because he wants to be—he’s invisible because the world refuses to see him as a person. That idea hit me hard, especially in scenes where he’s trying to assert himself, only to be dismissed or manipulated. It’s like he’s screaming into a void, and no one hears him.

Another powerful symbol is the briefcase he carries throughout the novel. At first, it seems like a simple object, but it becomes a metaphor for the burdens he carries—his hopes, his dreams, and the weight of societal expectations. Every time he opens it, it’s like he’s confronting the pieces of himself that he’s been told to value or discard. The contents change as he evolves, but the briefcase itself remains, a constant reminder of the struggle to define himself in a world that wants to define him. There’s a scene where he’s forced to burn the contents, and it’s devastating. It’s not just about losing physical items; it’s about losing parts of his identity, and that’s something I couldn’t stop thinking about.

The Sambo doll is another symbol that really stood out to me. It’s a grotesque caricature, and the way it’s used in the novel highlights the dehumanization of Black people in society. The protagonist’s reaction to it—his anger, his frustration—mirrors the reader’s own discomfort. It’s a stark reminder of how deeply ingrained stereotypes are, and how they reduce people to objects of ridicule. The doll isn’t just a toy; it’s a representation of the societal forces that try to control and diminish him.

What I love about the symbolism in 'Invisible Man' is how it’s woven into every aspect of the story. Even the setting—the underground space where the protagonist lives—is symbolic. It’s a place of isolation, but also a place of reflection. It’s where he finally begins to understand his invisibility and reclaim his identity on his own terms. The novel doesn’t offer easy answers, but it forces you to confront uncomfortable truths about society and identity. If you’re into books that use symbolism to explore deep themes, I’d also recommend 'Beloved' by Toni Morrison. It’s another masterpiece that uses symbols to delve into the complexities of history, memory, and identity.